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Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction

A ramp for wheelchairs is an important tool for helping a loved one live independently in their home. If they are not designed correctly they can be dangerous to use.

ADA regulations require level landings at any changes in direction to prevent compound slopes. They must also provide a surface that is gripping for wheelchair users.

Design

The ramp design should meet the Americans with Disabilities Act standards to allow wheelchairs to navigate the structure easily. The ramp's slope must not exceed a 1:12 ratio, and the landings should be level at any change in direction or shift in the ramp's surface. It also must be constructed out of treated lumber, which is more durable and weathers precipitation far better than untreated lumber.

The ramp's top and bottom must be free of any obstacles like trees or bushes, or any other structures that could hinder the user's safe passage. The ramp's surface should also be non-slip and hard. Some municipalities require that the entire ramp be coated with an anti-slip surface.

For the ramp frame choose treated lumber that is at minimum four inches wide. To secure the ramp, build posts that are at least 8 feet apart and extend below the level of the ground. The posts should then connect with the ramp's railings by using spindles. This type of connection decreases the chance of a ramp user falling off the ramp.

Then, build the ramp's frame using joists that are at least 16 inches long and 2 by 4 inch beams. The joists must be at minimum 18 inches above the ground and secured using joist hangings which are nails that sit within the joists to stop them from sliding. Attach the ramp decking with a framing nailer.

Create an upper landing in the doorway to enable wheelchair occupants to manage the doorswing easily. The landing should be 12 to 24 inches on the handle side of doors that out-swing. The landing for doors with in-swinging must be 58 by 60 inches to accommodate the threshold of the door and a wheelchair ramps for van user who has to walk backwards in the doorway.

Install a level landing whenever you change in the direction of the ramp to avoid the need for wheelchairs to slam on their brakes as they turn corners. A level landing also allows you to move the ramp away from the way if necessary so that lawnmowers and other equipment can slide under it.

Materials

The material used to build the ramp for wheelchairs can be made of wood, concrete or aluminum. A professional ramp installer can help you select the most suitable option for your home or office. It is important to consider your specific needs and budget when selecting the materials for the ramp. The ramp should be simple to maintain, and it should be safe for use. Some cities require that the ramp be paved with a non-slip surface.

Be sure to inquire with your local government for permits prior to building or buying any materials. Also, be sure to adhere to all local building codes. Utilizing the wrong materials or construction methods could result in hazardous conditions for wheelchair users. You can find the most up-to-date information regarding construction requirements at the building department of your local government office or library, or on the internet.

Wood ramps are usually the least expensive choice of ADA ramp materials, but they require more maintenance than other alternatives. Wood ramps need to be treated regularly with sealers to avoid decay. Wood can splinter and be dangerous for people who use wheelchairs. Wood ramps can require additional support to ensure the structure remains upright and stable.

Concrete rubber ramps for wheelchairs are expensive but they are also durable and last for a long time. They are heavy, which means more labor is required to put in ramps and may make it difficult to move the ramp once they are no longer needed. Concrete ramps are strong enough to support the weight of power wheelchairs.

Aluminum ramps are less heavy and less expensive than steel or concrete. They also have the same durability, strength and resistance to corrosion. They are also cheaper than steel or iron and are an ideal choice for those with a tight budget. Aluminum is also green as it is found naturally in the Earth's crust, and can be recycled.

The ramp's upper landing needs to be at a level level, or within 3/8 inches of the threshold of the door, allowing wheelchairs with smaller wheels to pass across the ramp without getting stuck. Ramps that have a gap greater than this do not comply with ADA standards. Also, ensure that the ramp moves smoothly between the upper landing and the ground surface. The final section of the ramp should be a a beveled transition to avoid an abrupt stop for wheelchairs when they enter or exit a dwelling.

Installation

A wheelchair ramp is a plane inclined ramp that can be erected as an alternative to or in the place of stairs. It allows wheelchair users as well as those who use strollers or carts to reach areas that would otherwise be difficult to access.

When choosing a wheelchair access ramp, there are numerous factors to consider, such as the location, height and price. The ramp should be located close to the door in order to avoid unnecessary travel. It should be located at a height that the person using it can easily walk on it. It should be securely fixed to the floor and free of obstructions like car parks, shrubs or other obstacles.

ADA regulations state that ramps must have handrails either side. The rails should be at minimum 36" apart and have a smooth or rounded gripping surface. They should also be connected to the edge of the ramp, and extend 12 inches beyond it. If the ramp has switchbacks or an L-shaped layout handrails must be in continuous use between the ramp runs.

The length of the ramp is determined by the incline. However, there are some common ramp types that can be used for most situations. A threshold ramp, for example is a ramp that is flush with the curb's lip or the threshold of the doorway. Portable ramps are, on the other hand, can be moved to a different location and are available in different sizes. Modular aluminum ramps may also be built on-site. They are typically used for public or commercial spaces, and are typically larger than the threshold and ramps that are portable.

If you're thinking of an all-weather ramp, be sure you check with the building department of your city to see if you need a permit. It's recommended to consult with a mobility specialist to find out what type of ramp will best fit your requirements and the space that you have. In some instances the installation of permanent ramps can improve the value of your house.

Maintenance

It is essential to ensure that your wheelchair ramp is well maintained, especially if you are going to use it frequently. You'll need to perform regular inspections and repair any structural issues as they occur. This will help ensure the ramp complies with all ADA requirements and is safe for all users.

Wooden ramps require frequent cleaning to remove dirt and debris that may block access. Keeping the ramp clean will also prevent moisture from accumulating beneath the surface and leading to the onset of rot. Wood preservatives and stains only work properly only if the ramp is clean before application.

Wheelchair ramps are more difficult to maintain than other ramps because they are more likely wear and tear. It is important to have the right tools. A good set of gauge spanners as well as screwdrivers are essential for making sure all fixings are secure and secure. It is also important to regularly inspect the handrails for signs damage or corrosion. It's possible that over time, and with repeated use, some of the fittings and bolts that secure the handrails may come loose and cause a major safety concern for people who use the ramp.

Another crucial aspect is to ensure that the ramp's surface has sufficient grip, particularly in winter, when conditions can be challenging. You will need to sweep up any dirt, leaves or other debris that could block the ramp and cause slippage. You'll also want to apply an ice melt that is non-corrosive to the ramp surface to prevent slips and injuries.

If you're planning to use your ramp all winter months, you should consider purchasing wheels for traction or "snow tires" for your wheelchair ramp non slip surface. These are specially designed to provide better tracking on snow and uneven surfaces and are therefore more efficient than standard folding wheelchair ramp for van tires in keeping you on the ramp. Alternatively, you can place heating pads or tape on the ramp surface to help melt snow and ice before it accumulates.